Isolamento, criopreservação e utilização de células do cordão umbilical, células do tecido adiposo e células do líquido amniótico para produção de embriões bovinos por transferência nuclear (clonagem)

Resumo Ingles

Cloning by nuclear transfer (NT) is still a technique with low efficiency in cattle. One of the factors that should be improved is the source of nucleus donor cells. The less differentiated are the cells, the easier is to reprogram their nuclei by cytoplasm receiver in order to originate healthy embryos and calves. Cells from amniotic fluid (CAF), Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord (CWJ) and adipose tissue (CAT) are sources of multipotent cells with potential for improve reprogramming and that had not been tested for the production of bovine embryos by NT. The aim of this study was to isolate, cultivate, cryopreserve and utilize in the NT procedure, the CAF, CWJ and CAT of bovine. Firstly, CAF of uteri obtained from slaughterhouse were isolated to test what is the best medium for in vitro culture (DMEM vs Amniomax Complete II), and the best cryoprotectant agent (glycerol vs DMSO vs DMF), as the preservation of the cell viability assessed by Trypan Blue 0,4%. Subsequently, the possibility of isolating in vivo the described cell types was tested. The culture was done by centrifugation of CAF and explantation of CWJ and CAT. For morphological comparison, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the cells in culture was performed. For evaluating DNA integrity, the TUNEL method was carried out. For the statistical analysis was performed ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p<0,05). The medium Amniomax Complete II presented growth and confluence of the CAF in all material isolated from four animals. The DMSO and glycerol preserved a higher percentage of cells (84.50±9.53% and 63.00±18.18%, respectively), and were superior to medium with DMF (42.00±13.92%). Success was obtained in the isolation of cell types in vivo through use intravaginal ultrasound- guided aspiration for CAF, collection from the umbilical cord at birth for CWJ and by collecting biopsy from young animal for CAT. The evaluation of TUNEL revealed 100% of cells with intact DNA for the three cell types in the first passage. The SEM micrographs revealed a fusiform growth of CAT, and CAF and CGW without defined form under culture. There were significant differences in the rates of electrofusion, with results superior for CAF and CWJ (85.89±9.93% and 69.64±11.72%, respectively), relative to CAT (50.07±10.64%). The embryo production did not differ significantly among the three cell types (46.47±7.92%, 45.46±13.03% and 62.67±15.15% for CAT, CAF and CWJ, respectively), however a superiority of 17% in blastocyst production of CWJ in relation to the CAT and CAF was observed. Pregnancies were obtained for all cell types, but only one pregnancy has come to term, from TN with CAF and one gestation is on day 200 from the CAT. The born calf died soon after birth by cesarean section, due respiratory insufficiency. This study proved it is possible to isolate, cultivate and cryopreserve CAF, CAT and CWJ from live animals without harming them and to produce bovine embryos by TN efficiently using these cell types.