Do espaço privado para o público : construções narrativas com famílias em situação de abuso sexual

Resumo Ingles

This work focuses on the theme of sexual abuse and family, a complex phenomenon with social and family scope, and one of the gravest forms of violence against children and adolescents. It influences the quality of development of the victims and happens most frequently within an intra-family context. This is a qualitative, exploratory study which took place at CREAS – a specialised social service public institute, which offers first care treatment and psychosocial support. The semi-structured interview method based on records of narratives and analysis of documents was conducted with fifteen families with children and adolescents; basically those who use the Public Health System (SUS - Sistema Único de Saúde) and who had their rights violated due to sexual abuse. The objective of the thesis is to comprehend and access the narratives and meanings that the family produces in the period between the disclosure and the treatment of sexual abuse. Social Constructionism was used as the theory of reference with appreciation of the language in action and the historical contextualisation of the systems of meaning. The Hermeneutic Dialectic Analysis was used for the construction of the analysis and interpretation of the corpus, taking as a starting point the narratives and meanings expressed by the families - tool with an interpretative perspective that demands the elaboration of analytical categories. The results point to three studies: the first study gives information about the victim, about the family configuration and about the sexual abuse. The descriptive statistics shows that 66.6% are cases of intra-family sexual abuse; 66.6%, in 11 cases the offenders are of the male sex, stepfather that lived with the children and adolescents; 46.6% of the cases took place in the house of the victim and the sexual abuse happened for an average duration of 27 months until the time of the first interview at the social service institution; the medium time of the sexual abuse is 13 months before its disclosure; the time interval that goes from the disclosure of sexual abuse to its denouncement is 7 months. The time interval between the disclosure of sexual abuse and the measures taken for treatment depend on the assimilation of the events and the necessary time needed for physical, emotional as well as family restructuring and adjustment. The second study reveals the narratives and meanings that the family produces in its private space with emphasis on three nuclei investigated by Social Constructionism: Construction of the problem – narratives that mark the disclosure of sexual abuse, reactions lived within the family; Change – inter (actions) that generate change; Promotion of change – repeating and updating stories to appropriate progress. The third study shows the impact that the three comprehensive nuclei of narratives and popular sayings - Partnership, parenthood, fraternity - have on the relationship politics of the interview partners. It results in practices such as: dissolution and other affecting influences on the partnership; a focus of all parties involved on the feelings of ambiguities and ambivalences as dimensions of parenthood, and a distinction and description of the social roles lives within the family in function of a hierarchization, in the fraternity. The conclusions point to the proven thesis that the process of change and transformation of narratives and of the meanings produced by the family about the sexual abuse generate possibilities and potentialities of sharing. The starting point of this process is the own experience of the family considered the relational matrix of the situation, and it emphasizes the family potential; the indicator that an interdependence exists between the narratives of transformation produced by the family and the external agents, promotors of protection, seen as a strategy; importance of the creation of spaces for exchanges comprising eventually inclusive cultural and ideological differences and thus generating more contextual and creative practices.