Stakeholders, fatores críticos de sucesso, determinantes da cooperação e geração de valor em Parcerias Público-Privadas

Resumo Ingles

The objective of this research was to evaluate the role of stakeholders in generating value in PPPs in Brazil, considering their motivations and the critical factors that determine the success of this type of collaboration. To this end, five cases of partnerships were analyzed, one from the federal government, three from state governments (São Paulo, Bahia and Minas Gerais) and one from the municipality of Belo Horizonte. These subnational entities were chosen because they are the ones that most celebrate PPPs. These partnerships were studied through document content analysis and interviews with representatives of the public and private sectors, as well as a comparative qualitative analysis (QCA). The identification of stakeholders was made through the simultaneous use of models that allow to demonstrate the multiple roles played by the actors in the formulation and implementation of public policies (Gomes et al., 2010), their potential for threat or cooperation (Savage et al ., 1991), and its degree of salience (Mitchell et al., 1997). Thus, the aforementioned analysis made it possible to observe more than 50 PPP stakeholders, who work in the public sectors, from the three spheres of the Federation, private and in the third sector. The most prominent actors (Mitchell et al., 1997) are the public and private partners, the PPP Steering Committee, the Chief Executive, users and local residents. Most of these actors act as collaborators (Gomes et al., 2010) and are supporters (Savage et al., 1991). In addition, the most recurrent critical success factors in these partnerships were identified, which were associated with said stakeholders, which allows such factors to be considered an analytical dimension in the models that identify the stakeholders of interorganizational partnerships since these can be treated as mechanisms interferences of these actors in government programs that are implemented through PPPs. Furthermore, the elements of value were identified, according to the actors' perception of these elements, and the most recurrent determinants for cooperation in these partnerships in order to demonstrate what appears to be a typical structure for implementing PPPs in Brazil, that is, the most important stakeholders, the critical success factors, the interactions between such actors and critical factors, the motivators of the partnership and the most recurring elements of value. In addition, a theoretical model was proposed that allows stakeholder analysis with a view to their performance in the occurrence of critical success factors, their motivations to celebrate and maintain the partnership and the benefits they obtain and the costs and risks they incur in virtue of PPP. Finally, through a comparative qualitative analysis, the elements that should integrate an ideal scenario for the good performance of PPPs are demonstrated.