Espécies exóticas invasoras da fauna em unidades de conservação federais no Brasil : sistematização do conhecimento e implicações para o manejo

Resumo Ingles

Alien species are species introduced outside their natural range by human activities either intentionally or accidentally. When alien species turn to be abundant and cause damage, they are considered invasive alien species (IAS). Despite the known occurrence of IAS in Protected Areas (PA) in Brazil, there has been no effort to systematize information on these biological invasions or to implement management actions to promote IAS control or erradiction. The lack of systematized information impairs the identification of priority actions in terms of IAS control and eradication inside PA. This thesis aimed to (i) diagnose the current situation of fauna IAS in Federal PA in Brazil, (ii) identify and propose management actions to control IAS species in PA. For that, I performed a literature survey and applied questionnaire to PA managers to acquire information on the occurrence of fauna IAS in Brazilian federal PA, impacts and control measures. I identified 54 animal IAS in 144 federal PA, indicating that 45% of PA have registers of animal IAS occurrence. Most terrestrial IAS registered are native from Asia and Africa, whereas aquatic IAS are mostly native from the Amazon River Basin and were introduced into other Brazilian river basins. The main reason for the introduction of the IAS was economic: aquaculture and livestock. Integral Protection PA had higher percentage of animal IAS occurrence compared to Sustainable Use PA. Additionally, PA within the Atlantic Forest biome presented higher rates of IAS occurrence compared to the other six Bazilian biomes. Although the Management Plans from 52% of PA with IAS registration recommend some management action toward fauna IAS, the vast majority of these Plans (93%) indicate only very generic and non useful actions. Managers from 60 PA declared to perform some IAS management action, among which physical control (shoot down, trap and collect) was the most commonly reported control effort. I identified four representative species and systematized information on life history in order to identify and propose control measures. This thesis presents a basic diagnosis on animal invasions in federal PA, from which general and specific recommendations are made. These results point out the need for management to be performed by the PA on a broad and integrated manner, and indicate possible management actions to be applied fot the control of the four identified representative species.