Dislexia institucional : fogo, fumaça e cinzas em Roraima

Resumo Ingles

This thesis discusses shared fire management, municipal fire brigades and institutions involved in intentional burning of forests and forest fires. The main aim is to analyze the relational dimensions (between similar institutions), political-legal dimensions (public policies and legal norms related to the topic) and technical-administrative dimensions (physical, human, budgetary and financial resources made available by the involved entities) and to verify why the institutional agents involved with prevention, control of burning and the combat of forest fires (PCQIF) are unable to develop and maintain sustainable inter-institutional management in order to avoid the intentional burning of forest areas as well as forest fires in the Roraima state.The hypotheses of the study point to: the lack of financial, physical, organizational and educational support due to municipal fire brigades; the internal divergences of Prevfogo with Proarco and between these and other sectors of Ibama; and to the precarious institutional addition of the actions of PCQIF which negatively affect the accomplishment of these actions in Roraima. In terms of methodology, this is a case study with field research carried out in Roraima, more specifically in Boa Vista and in six other neighboring municipalities, all of which are participants of the state’s Arco do Fogo. The research was done between 2003 and 2005. The results indicate inadequate professional qualification of those involved with PCQIF in the region and of Ibama (Prevfogo, Proarco and Gerex/RR), as well as, to the disinterest of public authorities to effectively apply public policy related to the topic. The results also highlight the importance of the municipals fire brigades in the context of combating forest fires and show the current interinstitutional chaos of the state’s actions through PCQIF. In addition, one can observe an abyss between political and governmental intentions which are shown and the actions which are planned, executed and accomplished. What is predominant is the lack of initiative (organizational and managerial) on the part of the organs in Roraima to take the lead in the question. Fire suppression is only the last stage of a process which must begin in a way in which the local and family farming in is included. As long as the leaders do not encourage family agriculture which is partnered with the Agro-Forest Systems (SAF) or with Agro-ecology, they are increasing the potential for fires in each dry spell. In the mind of the majority of people, deforestation and intentional burning is worth more than leaving the forest standing, since it is through cutting down the trees, burning them and planting corn, rice, bananas or soy beans that one is able to have financial gain. Another aspect of this is that many believe that the more fire there is, the more money they will have, since there are more financial resources coming from the federal government to the state, when a state of emergency is declared. As was proposed, this study presents recommendations to be implemented in the day-to-day routine of the institutions involved. There is also a strategic recommendation based on the structure and operation of a Secretariat of Socio-environmental Protection (Sepas), where the policies of civil defense and those of the environment would be worked on together. In this model the municipal fire brigades and the community councils of socio-environmental protection would have a key role. In the first phase the local demands (goals and budgetary amounts) would be elaborated by the brigades and councils, while in the second phase, these items would be considered by the Fire Management Committee. The brigades and councils would be involved in the follow-up, control and the evaluation of the actions of the PCQIF which would be developed by the Integrated Center of Social and Environmental Protection (Cinpas).